How To Win Friends and Influence people Research Paper

How To Win Friends and Influence people - Research Paper Example He recognizes the power of the human mind that determines the sense of happiness. However, he also warns against criticism, self-centeredness and shallowness and qualifies them as destructive to any relationship. Carnegie foregrounds the negative impact of criticism in human relations because it severely affects the person’s self-esteem and puts him/her in self-defense with the feeling of being attacked. He focuses on how criticism ruins human relationships and recommends leaving it altogether if we want to maintain genuine interpersonal connections: The author informs: â€Å"Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a persons precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment†(Carnegie 23). This violation of the person’s integrity affects their pride and creates a feeling of rejection that deteriorates the relationships between the people. Instead of criticism, Carnegie advocates a diplomat attitude deeply rooted on being positive and rejecting any form of negativity. He gives the example of this famous personality in American history:  "Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France. The secret of his success? ‘will speak ill of no man,’ he said, ‘ . . and speak all the good I know of everybody’† (Carnegie 29). This change of attitude gave Franklin the opportunity to become one of the greatest men in American history. Therefore, Carnegie associates success to a positive attitude that consists of eliminating anything negative while focusing on the good aspects of people and things. Besides, appreciation represents one of the most important concepts Carnegie recommends to use with the people around us. Getting recognition from family members, friends, employees, co-workers or any others makes people happy, elevate

Public Infrastructure Key Essay Example for Free

Public Infrastructure Key Essay The PKI is a set of hardware, software, procedures and people for the creation, distribution, storing and management of digital certificates. It also maintains the networking environment of an organization by providing management service which could enable digital signature capabilities. It also enabled the users of unsecure public network for exchanging and private cryptographic key pair in order to obtain and share a trusted authority between the management of an organization. For improving an organization, PKI includes use of digital signatures, certificate validation, and permission management service in order to implement a wide variety of enterprise solution within an organization. The implementation of certification authority is primary way of PKI in which it could benefit an organization and Information security department by providing public key and authority. In this way, both organization and Information security department is benefited from the implementation of user keys. The web of trust is the second way in which PKI provides an alternative approach of public key information for enabling the issue digital certificates for user, applications and devices of an organization and Information security department. Establishment of leverage certification authentication is the third way which benefits an organization and Information security department by maintaining an auditable database of users in order to secure privacy histories of Information security department. The development of Certification Authority is the way in which PKI could assist in the process of signing the company’s software by providing root of trust and services for the authentication of computers, individuals and other entities in a network. This is because, it saves certificate requests and issues certificates for signing the company’s software by means of saving the encryption keys in the certificate database for recovering the data loss of  computer’s softwar e. Consumer could believe that the software is to be authentic and because Certification Authority is valuable in authenticating software effectively. Consumer can get authentic software by the establishment of keys which are valid and trustworthy and in order to provide the assurance of software, it represents the people, system and process for the creation of digital certificates of software. For benefiting consumers, Certification Authority is having three kinds of information which are user’s name in the format of distinguished name, verification of user’s digital signature for software and encryption and verification of digital signatures of software. The public CA is considered as an accountable CA for any failure of PKI and on the other hand, in-house CA is integrated in Active Directory. The public CA would trust a digital certificate and in-house CA is performed upon its own tasks for simplifying the management of CA structure. The certificate management of public CA is lower than in-house CA. These are the positive characteristics of both public and in-house CA. The negative characteristics of public and in-house CA are that infrastructure of public CA is limited and it has less flexibility, in-public CA is more complicated and business partners would not trust in-house CA. When comparing both public and in-house CA, the Public Certification will be better in implementing within an organization and because Public CA provides effective self-registration, digital identities, enrollment services and PIN authentication than in-house CA. Public CA is a highly functional and trustworthy when comparing with in-house CA. Hence, PKI contributes the management of life cycle of digital certificates, profiles of administration for an organization and Information security department. References Vacca, Jhn R. (2004). Public key infrastructure: building trusted applications and Web services. CRC Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8493-0822-2. Adams, Carlisle Lloyd, Steve (2003). Understanding PKI: concepts, standards, and deployment considerations. Addison-Wesley Professional. pp. 11–15. ISBN 978-0-672-32391-1. TrÄ ek, Denis (2006). Managing information systems security and privacy. Birkhauser. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-540-28103-0.

Telstra The Largest Telecommunications And Information Services Company Marketing Essay

Telstra The Largest Telecommunications And Information Services Company Marketing Essay Telstra is the largest telecommunications and information services company, and is the largest mobile operators and internet service providers. Telstra supplies most homes and business with the basic access, and local, long-distance telephone call services, as well as mobile and internet services, which are the series telecom services all over the Australia. The report composes of a short introduction (landscape) of Telstras main area of operation. Also, this report includes environmental analysis, competitive analysis and strategic analysis of Telstra Corporation. In the section of environmental analysis, we analyze the present and future progress condition of Telstra Corporation. Then we use SWOT to analyze Telstras Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. At last, base on the SWOT analysis, this report analyzes the companys strategies. We can achieve conclusions that Telstra is becoming a media company. Content List 1. Introduction Telstra is the largest services company offering telecommunications and information, and is the largest mobile operators and internet service providers. Telstra can not only supply to all of Australians with a full range of telecommunications services, but it also is one of the largest nationwide telephone network. Nowadays, the internet users of Telstra have been excess 0.4 million. The company established a specializing department to be responsible for the Telstra datas future development, promoting the development of value-added business. Telstra Company listed in the Fortune magazine as one of the world top 500 companies, is the worlds 13th-largest telecommunications company. 2. Competitive analysis for Telstra Corporation Telstra Corporation (Telstra) is one of the leading telecommunications enterprises in Australia. It supplies a wide range of telecommunication, advertising and information services. Telstra Corporation backs its operation and strengths a competitive being against other players with its the stronger network infrastructures. However, saturation in the mobile market of Australian could have an impact on margins of Telstra Corporation. SWOT Analysis for Telstra Corporation Strengths Weakness Strong network infrastructure Strong retail broadband performance Dominant market position Relations with the regulatory bodies Opportunities Threats Expanding operations in China Saturated Australian mobile market Regulatory environment 2.1 Strengths Telstra has a strong network of infrastructure, which supports its operations. The strong network infrastructure backs the business operations and provides Telstra with a two-edge sorrow on competition with other companies. In the retail business board, Telstra made a record about its growing strongly. The operation had a better performance, due to the Telstras strong retail broadband performance. In the telecommunications market of Australian, Telstra is one of the most meaningful companies. Telstra launch new services and improves its competition, which result from its strong market position. 2.2 Weaknesses Stockholders faith and its brand worth are damaged for the weak relationship between the Telstra and regulatory bodies. 2.3 Opportunities In the telecom market of China, the operations business is expanded. In addition, the internet users of China have reached 298 million up at a high of 42%. What more, the internet penetration of China users is at 22.6% that is very low, which has left a growth room. Chinese internet market can stimulate companys growth seeing from the its expanding at present. 2.4 Threats In Australian, the mobile market has saturated. Telstra got amount of revenues from the Australian mobile market, at the same time, operating performance of Telstra could be influenced in near term. However, in the future years, the regulatory environment could have an impact on the Telstras operation performance. 3. Broadband planning and strategies of for Telstra Corporation The market is full of variables, risk of investment increases, income is difficult to control, value chain becomes more complex, but also Telstra faces competition and the complaints of its monopoly from other rivals. By 2012, whether Telstra is still able to occupy the leading position in information and ICT services market or in the pipeline to dominate the wholesale market is unknown, which are the great challenges Telstra will face. Facing these challenges, Telstra has adopted the following strategic initiatives: From the original technology-driven shift to market-oriented, Telstra is based on the market in the management of corporation. Enhance consumer research and costumer segmentation. Telstra subdivided all the customers into seven major customer base and more than 100 micro-customer base, and take the budget market. Explore new revenue and expand the content of services. Provide widely media services such as fixed and mobile convergence services, movies, music, content services, broadband and mobile bundled services, etc. Telstra is to expand its business oversea, such as the purchase of Chinas SouFun Sensis for the corporation to develop ICT services. Reduce costs and achieve the mode of One Factory. Reduce technology products and engineering investments; improve the investment of the products market launch, projects and infrastructure. Such as reducing the number of networks and systems, taking budget management of products and prices to connect to the One Factory mode; reduce the NGN investment and labor costs. A series of restructuring measures Telstra has taken are from a clear understanding of the company that the traditional fixed line is not the driving force of revenue growth and the revenue growth will come from other services. To this end, Telstra made the way of technical revolution in 2005 to build the most modern wireless broadband system in the world in a years time and to introduce the simple technology of mobile phone products. Secondly, Telstra sold the non-core assets of its businesses and use the proceeds obtained get the acquisition of Sensis for business advertising, transaction and directory services. Now Sensis has been one of the core platforms to achieve revenue growth. Thirdly, Telstra is becoming a media company. Foxtel service which is on behalf of the entertainment industry has also become one of Telstras the most famous brands. Fourthly, expanding oversea actively is also a major strategic choice of Telstra Corporation, such as Telstra Corporation has the largest local wireless service in Hong Kong, holding 51% stake in Chinas SouFun, which opened the door to enter Chinas highly competitive online advertising market. In short, Telstras strategic transformation is steadily moving forward. We have seen the positive effects of Telstras strategic transformation in fiscal year 2007 and 2008. 4. Conclusion As one of the leading telecommunications companies in Australia, Telstra offers a full range of telecom services throughout Australia. This report includes a brief introduction of Telstras main area of operation. Also, this report includes environmental analysis, competitive analysis and strategic analysis of Telstra Corporation. We use SWOT to analyze Telstras Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. At last, base on the SWOT analysis, this report analyzes the companys strategies. We can achieve conclusions that Telstra is becoming a media company.

The Last Of The Mohicans : Movie Review Essay -- Film Movies

The Last Of The Mohicans : Movie Review A. Plot Whilst making their way to a British Fort, Major Heywood and his party are attacked by Indians. Three men come to their rescue, two of them Indians, and another is a white man whom was raised by the eldest Indian. This man, Hawkeye, his brother and father rescue the Major and the two women that are in his party. Then the three men stay with the party and aide them in their journey to the British Fort. Once there, the two women’s father whom is the man in charge of the huge battle going on at that time. The French and English are at war. Colonists are urged to fight for Britain, and once they become part of the battle, they were not allowed to leave to defend their own homes. Hawkeye works out a secret plan in order to help some men escape the battle zone and return to their homes and families. He gets caught, and is sentenced for treachery, and held as a prisoner. From the first night that he was with the Major and his party, Hawkeye had a romance starting with Cora Munro, the main general’s eldest daughter. When Hawkeye is captured and put in the fort’s prison, she swears not to leave his side, and although they have only known each other for a few days, she’s really devoted to him. The two sides come to an agreement, Britain surrenders to France, and they are lead towards the Atlantic Ocean so that the British can be returned to England, â€Å"with pride†. On the route there they are ambushed by a very large band of Indians... The Last Of The Mohicans : Movie Review Essay -- Film Movies The Last Of The Mohicans : Movie Review A. Plot Whilst making their way to a British Fort, Major Heywood and his party are attacked by Indians. Three men come to their rescue, two of them Indians, and another is a white man whom was raised by the eldest Indian. This man, Hawkeye, his brother and father rescue the Major and the two women that are in his party. Then the three men stay with the party and aide them in their journey to the British Fort. Once there, the two women’s father whom is the man in charge of the huge battle going on at that time. The French and English are at war. Colonists are urged to fight for Britain, and once they become part of the battle, they were not allowed to leave to defend their own homes. Hawkeye works out a secret plan in order to help some men escape the battle zone and return to their homes and families. He gets caught, and is sentenced for treachery, and held as a prisoner. From the first night that he was with the Major and his party, Hawkeye had a romance starting with Cora Munro, the main general’s eldest daughter. When Hawkeye is captured and put in the fort’s prison, she swears not to leave his side, and although they have only known each other for a few days, she’s really devoted to him. The two sides come to an agreement, Britain surrenders to France, and they are lead towards the Atlantic Ocean so that the British can be returned to England, â€Å"with pride†. On the route there they are ambushed by a very large band of Indians...

Deviance & Control in a Feature Film `Boyz n the Hood`

Deviance is a variation from the norm. Everything from picking boogers in public to murdering somebody is considering an act of deviance. There are many theories of deviation and the film Boyz in the Hood and it provides a good base for understanding and providing real life examples concerning deviant behavior. The major issues apparent in the film are concerning the control and labeling theory which gives insight into the characters lives. Boyz N the Hood provides many examples of the deviance and control theories.Deviance in statistics is the variations in what the outcomes are supposed to be. In sociology a deviant is a person who isn’t what he should normally be. Any variation from social, cultural or religious norms can be deviation. â€Å"In a recent book about deviance, Douglas (1984) has identified rape, homosexuality and terrorism as major categories of deviance today, and his choice of these highlights a recurrent concern among sociologists to link an analysis of de viance with that of particular forms of sexual and violent behavior.Indeed, a quick glance through the contents of any book dealing with deviance is likely to reveal an interest in making sense of forms of sexual behavior as diverse as prostitution, child abuse, homosexuality, transexualism and extra-marital sexual activity. Similarly with respect to violence, interest has been shown in gang violence, rape, juvenile delinquency, football hooliganism and acts of terrorism. To this list of concerns, however, should be added studies looking at less spectacular forms of deviances such as alcohol dependence, childlessness, stuttering, and solvent use† (Aggleton 1-2)Many of these deviations are portrayed in the movie. The most significant ones relate to crime, murder, sex, and alcohol and drug abuse. A lot less spectacular forms of deviation are also apparent in the movie. One example of this is when Ricky urinates in one of the alleys right before his death. By studying this film c losely a lot of deviant behaviors can be pointed at easily. â€Å"John Singleton’s 1991 film Boyz N the Hood in the context on American sub cultural deviance theories†¦ presents aspects of many of the major theories of deviance (labeling, strain, social control, and differential association).(Leblanc, 1998, p. 64) The major characters Tre, tre’s father, Ricky and Doughboy represent different forms of deviance and control. Tre’s father is a controller because he continuously tells everyone around him to start thinking. Tre is different than the other people in the neighborhood because his father has raised him differently. The dad tries to instill good values in his son so he can succeed and not conform to the deviant norms of his surroundings. Tre’s dad is also active in social control. In one scene after the SAT exam Tre’s dad takes Tre and Ricky out to see something.He brings them to a billboard in the neighborhood and asks the two boys wha t they understand from it. While he explains to them what gentrification a small crowd starts to surround his sermon like speech. He says, â€Å"They want us to kill ourselves†¦ the best way you can destroy a people you take their ability to reproduce themselves. † This reflects the opening lines of the movie and the death toll concerning African Americans. â€Å"One of out of every twenty-one Black males will be murdered in their lifetime†¦most will die at the hands of another Black male.† The dad wants the people in the neighborhood to stop killing each other because â€Å"you’re doing exactly what they want you to do, you have to think†¦ about your future. † This reflects the control theory and how the dad manages to keep a strong relationship with his son. The control theory states that the closer people are to each other and the stronger their bonds they will be less likely to deviate. Continuously throughout the movie the dad talks to his son about everything and tries to teach him along the way. Another example in the movie is when the dad gives him advice about not having children at a young age.He says that any guy can a have a child but raising one makes him a man. Also after the SAT exam the dad tells the boys how the exam is biased and math is the only section that is universally unbiased in the exam. The father son relationship is not there when it comes to Tre’s friends. Ricky and Doughboy are half brothers and there father is never around. Doughboy is the deviant in the family whereas Ricky tries to stay away from trouble. The control theory states that people who have stronger bonds are less like to deviate compared to people who have weaker bonds.The boys’ behavior and their future can be observed and analyzed by both the control theory and the labeling theory. When their lives are analyzed according to the labeling theory it is easy to see why the two brothers act in a specific way. â⠂¬Å"The labeling theory states that of people are called something or told who they are often enough shall begin to act in that manner. † (Leblanc, 1998, p. 64) For example, if a child is labeled a bully in school even if he has done the act one and continues to be called a bully it is quite likely that he will try to or conform to the label that has been given to him.On the other hand if a person is told that they can excel over and over again they will most like live up to those expectations. In the movie this contrast is observed between Ricky and Doughboy. Their mother continuously puts Doughboy down and praises Ricky. â€Å"You ain’t shit, you don’t do shit, and you ain’t never going to amount to shit,† is one of the remarks passed by the mother to Doughboy. When we observe the first half of the movie which depicts the boys childhood it is apparent that Doughboy was not always a deviant. When the boys in the hood, pun intended, take away Rickyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s football Doughboy is appalled.The child simply wants his brother to have his ball back. He stands up for his brother and he gets beaten up. Because of his personality type he gets into trouble. Eventually his mother starts putting him down because he is continuously getting into trouble. â€Å"The labeling theory suggests that this would explain why he was in jail most of his life, deals drugs, kills people, and is eventually murdered in the end of the movie. This theory also suggests that the encouragement of his mother led Ricky to become a football star and receive a scholarship to USC. † (Leblanc, 1998, p.64)In the end of the movie, Ricky dies when other guys from the neighborhood shoot him and Doughboy dies two weeks after avenging his brother’s death. The assumption can be made that Doughboy was murdered by the people connected to his brother’s murderers. When he is young he gets into trouble and starts going down a slippery slope because he defen ds his brother and when he gets old he dies trying to avenge his brother’s death. When the lives of Ricky and Doughboy are observed according to the control theory we can have an even better understanding of why Ricky is the polar opposite of his brother.The control theory talks about the affect of strong bonds between people. Ever since Ricky is little he has had a stronger bond with the people around him. Although both the boys’ fathers’ are never present Ricky has a football that his father gave to him. When they grow up Ricky has a stronger bond with his mom and his mom favors him more. Ricky also has a girlfriend who lives in his house and a son. Ricky has reasons to not deviate. Although his premarital sexual relationship and having a child before marriage is a type of deviation he does not conform to the deviations that his brother does.At the end of the movie when Ricky is dead and Doughboy is talking to Tre he says that he has no one, no brother and no mom. He says that his mom never loved him and it was all about Tre. Doughboy and his weak bonds with the people around him led him to deviate more often. Both the labeling theory and the control theory help us understand the lives of the brothers and how they behaved. Tre’s father is one of the controllers in the movie and his portrayal of a Black man who thinks is presented respectfully. He continuously teaches his son to think and stay away from deviant behavior.After Ricky’s death he explains to Tre that he should not go out to seek revenge because that is exactly what the system is designed to do. He tells his son that if he wants to shoot a man he should shoot his dad first and that it is too stupid to loose Tre over a stupid battle. His message to Tre and everyone else has always been to stop killing each other and pursue a life that is better. With his guidance Tre is one of the characters that is alive at the end of the movie and goes to college. Although Ricky gets accepted and has a scholarship he dies before he can even embark upon the opportunity.The other controller is Tre’s mother. Ever since he was young he has taught him to stick to his word and that there would be consequences if he wouldn’t. He ends up living with is father because he has gotten into a fight at school and his acts have been a breech of contract with his mom. When we compare Tre’s and Doughboy’s childhood they were both involved in confrontations and physical fights as young children. The only thing different was that Tre had a set of parents who were controllers and instilled strong bonds with each other. The police officer is also a controller in the movie except he presented cynically.He believes that everyone in the neighborhood is a deviant and should die. When he comes to Tre’s house after a break in he tells them that the burglar should have been shot and that he shouldn’t have gotten away. He is extremely cynical and does not believe in the betterment of the people in the neighborhood. When Tre is older he is pulled over by the same police officer although he hasn’t broken the law. The officer pulls him over out of spite and just to see if he has been drinking, possesses any drugs or weapons. There are many acts of neutralization present in the movie when the deviants try to justify their behavior.At the sermon in front of the billboard that Tre’s dad gives about people killing themselves over stupid things and conforming to the system a few guys listening in try to defend their actions. They say that if someone â€Å"messes with them† or causes any trouble they are not going to tolerate anything and take action. They say that they will not tolerate any sort of misconduct or even an attitude problem and resort to killing if they need to. This is later reflected in the movie when Ricky gets murdered over an argument. At a party he gets shoved in the arm so he starts yelli ng at the other guys.Those guys are scared away initially by Doughboys gun but then they come back to kill Ricky. This shows that whatever Tre’s dad says has a lot of truth to it and that when a deviant deviates he doesn’t see it as a deviation. He sees it as an act of neutralization. He is simply standing up for himself and defending him self. He is simply justifying his cause. The quality of a deviant is that he fights back each time. Every little thing such as the role of an eye or an argument is reason enough to kill someone. Sometimes people deviate intentionally because they want to prove people wrong.Sometimes people deviate because they are living up to their labels. Sometimes people deviate because they don’t know any better. Tre’s insistence on having sec with his Catholic girlfriend can be considered deviant behavior because he is going against what his parents have told him. His girlfriend gets angry with him but he does not resort to further deviations. Doughboy gets labeled a deviant from an early age but he never fights back to clear the misconception. He continuously involves himself in activities that live upto his reputation.This film seeks to normalize society. The message at the end of the movie is to stop and to create peace. The movie shows a real life depiction of what happens in the hood and how it hurts everyone living in it. It sheds light on how their behavior is affecting them negatively. They show all aspects of particular societal trends in order to create awareness among the people. The movie asks questions about traditional ways of controlling a form of deviance when it highlights the role of the police officer and the kids who try to fight deviance.The police officer just wants to kill everybody and is an extreme cynic and Ricky believes that the only way to stop another deviant is by acting the same way with him. The police officer hopes that the guy who broke in the house should have been dead and that everyone on the street is a gangster. All throughout the movie deviant behavior can be clearly spotted. The only way to normalize deviant behavior is to understand why it happens and how it happens. Young kids like Ricky all over the world end up committing crimes because of the weak bonds they have.They end up deviating from societal norms because they have been labeled a specific way. They already have a reputation and they feel that they cannot get away from it. They accept what society has labeled them and give into the norms of deviation. Kids who have stronger bonds with family and society on the other hand can easily breakaway from any childhood delinquencies they were a part of like Tre. People should understand that the labeling theory is not always negative and that it can be used to boost people’s morale and have positive outcomes.This happened for Ricky because of the continuous support from his mom but in the end he did not live to see any of it. This is why the control theory should be implanted along with the labeling theory in a positive way. When people realize the roots of the problem only then will they be able to fix it. The movie is a message to all the people of America to realize what happens in the certain neighborhoods and how to eradicate the problem. The message is to stop killing each other and to promote peace. References Aggleton, P. (1987). Deviance. Society now. London: Tavistock. Leblanc, Lauraine (1998, January). Observing Reel Life: Using Feature Films to Teach Ethnographic Methods. Teaching Sociology, 1, Retrieved June 16, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/stable/1318681?seq=3 Singleton, J (1990). Boyz N the Hood. (movie)   

Nucor Competitive Strategy Essays

Nucor Competitive Strategy Essays Nucor Competitive Strategy Paper Nucor Competitive Strategy Paper NUCOR COMPETITIVE STRATEGY ANALYSIS CONTENTS 1. Case Profile 2. Situational Analysis 2. 1General External Environment (PESTLE model) 2. 1. 1 Political/Legal 2. 1. 2 Economic 2. 1. 3 Sociocultural 2. 1. 4 Technological 2. 1. 5 Environmental 2. 1. 6 Demographic 2. 1. 7 Global 2. 1 Industry Analysis (Porter 5 Forces) 2. 2. 1 Threat of new entrants 2. 2. 2 Bargaining power of suppliers 2. 2. 3 Bargaining power of buyers 2. 2. 4 Threat of substitute products 2. 2. 5 Intensity of rivalry 2. 3 Competitive Environment Analysis 2. 3. Future objectives 2. 3. 2 Current strategy 2. 3. 3 Assumptions 2. 3. 4 Capabilities 3. Strategic Analysis 3. 1 Strategies 3. 1. 1Operational level 3. 1. 2Business level 3. 1. 3Competitive level 3. 1. 4 Corporate level 4. Core Competencies 4. 1Tangible resources 4. 2Intangible resources 4. 3Capabilities 5. Value Chain 6. Sustainable Competitive Advantage 7. Performance Appraisal 8. SWOT Analysis 8. 1 Strengths 8. 2 Weaknesses 8. 3 Opportuni ties 8. 4 Threats 9. Strategy Formulation and Implementation 9. 1 New Initiatives to Sustain Growth APPENDIX 1: Top-30 producers by International Iron Steel Institute APPENDIX 2: Top Competitors Key Measures: NUCOR APPENDIX 3: FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL REVIEW FOR NUCOR (2002-2006) Case Study Analysis: NUCOR 1. Case Profile Nucor Corp. , the U. S largest mini-mill operator1 and largest steel manufacturer by tons produced2, continues to lead the industry in efficiency, technological innovation, profitability and delivery of high quality products at low cost structure, after a record of more than 16 years of rapid growth in a declining industry3. And with a strong relationship with its workers without unionization, Nucor’s employees claimed to be the industry’s most satisfied, most motivated and most productive, making them a formidable workforce. This case considers how Nucor has achieved its success and how to sustain it. 2. Situational Analysis 2. 1. General External Environment (PESTLE model4) 2. 1. 1. Political/legal. The steel industry has seen rocky labour relations since the late 19th century with fatalities to striking workers4. Majority of workers are represented by the United Steel Workers of America. Another issue is the integrated steel producers have filed charges against importers of dumping steel prices, blaming them especially Japan, for declining market shares. Nucor’s plant in Hertford County was located on the banks of a fishery that required restoration in a law passed in 1997. 2. 1. 2 Economic. Steel industry is a cyclical business, subject to economic fluctuations since it depended on durable and capital goods (car, building). The industry does well during economic expansion and suffers losses and even bankruptcies during economic downturn. . 1. 3. Sociocultural. The industry became a source of employment, symbolizes American economic power and pride during good times and symbolizes economic decline and source of shame when foreign companies took over market shares5. 2. 1. 4. Technological. Technology drives major changes in the production process to increase flexibility, efficiencies and allowed automation which include the continuous casting technology, blast oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace. 2. 1. 5. Environmental. Nucor’s mill in Crawfordsville, Indianna was alleged to have violated federal and state clean air rules and discharge of 6,720 tons of pollutants into the air each year by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2. 1. 6. Demographic. Mini-mills which are located close to customer base has moved as population of U. S. moved to south and west. Demographic shifts affect the industry since construction utilizes a significant amount of steel. 2. 1. 7. Global. U. S. steel exports were negligible although it had grown to 3% to 5% by the 1990s6. The U. S. teel industry has benefited greatly from the Japanese mill from their large investments in U. S. joint venture projects, new technologies, high productivity and quality product7. Globalization will subject U. S. steel makers to vulnerable changes. 2. 2. Industry Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 2. 2. 1) Threat of new entrants. For mature integrated steel industry, threat is low due to economies of scale, high capital inje ction, cyclical nature of business and difficult access to supply and distribution; but slightly higher for mini-mill because of lower capital commitment and scale. . 2. 2) Bargaining power of suppliers. For integrated steel makers, they have effectively neutralized the suppliers’ bargaining power by backward integration (steel makers acquiring coal/coke mines and transportation facilities). For mini-mill, their reliability on scrap metal has given supplier moderate to high bargaining power. Higher cost of scrap metal due to limited supply has forced mini-mill to more costly materials like iron carbide. Nucor reduced the bargaining power of steel scrap supplier by backward integration. 8 2. 2. ) Bargaining power of buyers. It is weak to moderate since producers can threaten major distributors and wholesalers with forward integration (taking over direct distribution). But the large buyers (e. g. car makers) have more bargaining power. For example, the U. S. steel producers had to fulfill Japanese automakers’ quality and standards before they were allowed to supply the Japanese auto plants in the U. S. 9 2. 2. 4) Threat of substitute products. The threat is high in applications where strength is a not crucial concern but cost is (e. g. lastic, wood, synthetic materials, fiberglass); low for applications that require strength since substitute materials are just not strong enough10. Also, the many composition steel can be produced reduce the threat. 2. 2. 5) Intensity of rivalry. It is a highly competitive market with high exit barriers since assets are specialized, increase of mini-mill competitors taking on production of steel sheets and other steel products, stagnant demand, many global competitors, commodity-like products that minimizes switching costs and customer loyalty and excess capacity11. 2. 3. Competitive Environment Analysis Nucor has grown to become the largest steelmaker in the US by tonnage2. To have a sustainable market leader position, it must continue to compete for more market share from the large, integrated steelmakers. Although Nucor is the first mover in the mini-mill sector, it must also compete against second movers. 2. 3. 1) Future objectives. Nucor’s primary objective is â€Å"the production of high volumes of quality, low-cost steel. †12 It has an ambitious annual earnings growth of 10-15%. Nucor’s competitors would have the same objective, but unlikely the same high annual growth. Nucor’s competitors will be less risk-taking, giving Nucor a distinct advantage since a risk-aversive approach produces lower returns. 2. 3. 2) Current strategy. Nucor’s strategy is cost leadership. Even if there are changes in the competitive environment, this strategy is preferred since steel is a commodity-like product. While some mini-mill competitors follow a differentiation strategy, most follow a cost leadership strategy, though not very successfully. 2. 3. 3) Assumptions. It is a general assumption for all competitors that cyclical fluctuations are continuous. Nucor’s competitors often looked like operating under a status quo while Nucor has grown to produce sheet-fed steel and stainless steel in its mini-mills, a seemingly impossible task. 2. 3. 4) Capabilities. Nucor’s strengths include highest productivity, lowest cost structure and a high profitability (30 years of continuous profits)13 in the industry and excellent labour-management relations. Nucor’s weakness, comparing to its competitors, is more exposure to short-term losses and temporary setbacks resulting from risk-taking. The large integrated steel producers are comparatively strong in terms of size, established customer base and economies of scale. In terms of tonnage produced, Nucor ranked 8th globally with 20. 3 tons in 2006 (Appendix 1). Nucor could further strengthen its position as it is not far from the world’s 2nd largest steelmaker (Nippon Steel, Japan) of 34. 7 tons. ROE wise (Appendix 2), Nucor is much stronger than its competitors with 29. 38 as compared to Commercial Metals Co’s 22. 63 and U. S Steel’s 17. 79. ROA wise, Nucor is also much stronger than its competitors with 15. 6 as compared to 8. 33 and 7. 13. Nucor is more financially sound than its competitors with a current ratio of 2. 06 as compared to 1. 69 and 1. 59. 3. Strategic Analysis 3. 1 Strategies 3. 1. 1) Operational level. Nucor’s operational level strategy is core process re-engineering. This includes pre-heating the ladles allowing for faster flow of steel into the caster, continuous casters and a processes design that limit work-in-progress inventory, limit space and increase flexibility. . 1. 2) Business level. Nucor’s business level strategy is low cost leadership, keeping with its primary objective of the production of high volumes of quality, low-cost steel. 3. 1. 3) Competitive strategy. Nucor is the industry’s catalyst for technology innovation. It pioneered and took lead of the mini-mill concept, which later produce sheet steel and thin slab stainless steel. Also taking risk with a focus on lon g-term gains (versus short term risks). 3. 1. 4) Corporate level. To achieve its goal, Nucor diversify throughout the steel business. Nucor ventured into traditional bastions of integrated steelmakers (sheet steel, stainless steel), not constrained by the mini-mill format. Nucor has engaged in numerous upstream and downstream diversification. 4. Core Competencies Core competencies are special capabilities that are critical to a business achieving competitive edge. It is harmonizing of diverse production skills integrated with technological development. 19 4. 1) Tangible resources. Nucor’s tangible resources include strong financial resources with a proven ability to generate internal funds and a track profitability record that gives it enormous borrowing power. Organizational resources appear slim without formal planning, coordinating or controlling systems. Physical resources include 8 high-performing mini-mills strategically located to customer base and good access to raw materials with the company’s new iron carbide plant. Nucor has considerable technological resources, mainly involving process. 4. 2) Intangible resources. Many innovative ideas come from its human resources. Human resources include knowledge of the business know-how, motivation to perform and strong worker-management trust and co-operation. . 3) Capabilities. This includes the capability to produce high volumes of quality low-cost steel, innovative technology, continuous process refinement, continuous productivity improvement, motivated workforce, strong corporate culture. Employees are encouraged to take risk and a high tolerance for failure is given. Employees have a sense of ownership, exceedingly loyal and share a common goal of ensuring Nucor’s meets i ts primary objective. These give Nucor a competitive edge that is costly and difficult to imitate17. And the costly duplication suggests that the resource or capability is inelastic in supply, earning the firm who possess it an economic rent. 18 5. Value chain analysis i. Support Activities Firm InfrastructureWith no formal planning or formal mission, possess a strong culture Human Resource ManagementNot unionized, rewards risk-taking, high tolerance for failure, performance based bonus plans, encourage employee suggestions Technology Developmentcontinuous process refinement, continuous improvement, licensing/buying technology ProcurementUpstream diversification, process innovation i. Primary Activities Inbound LogisticsOperationsOutbound LogisticsMarketing SalesService cost focused, coordinated with operational needsEfficient, low cost, high productivity, meeting or exceeding quality requirements, continuous improvementafter-sale support 6. Sustainable Competitive Advantage Sustainable competitive advantage is derived from the trust-based working relationships along with a high to lerance for failure, would allow Nucor to take the risk needed to produce sustainable growth. The source of this trust is in Nucor’s distinctive human resources strategy, which is characterized by informality, ad hoc planning, pay for performance, and employee empowerment. 14 7. Performance Appraisal For the last five years, Nucor’s sales have increased over 240% from $4. 33 billion (2001) to $14. 75 billion (2006). Average sales price per ton has increased 88% from $354 (2001) to $667 (2006). Total tons sold to external customers have increased 81% from 12,237,000 tons (2001) to 22,118,000 tons (2006) (Appendix 3) (Figure 1). This rapid growth has been derived from acquisitions, optimizing existing operations and developing traditional greenfield projects using innovative technologies. Nucor achieved record sales and net earnings in 2006 for the 3rd consecutive year due to historically high selling prices, margins and shipments. Nucor was strengthened as North America’s most diversified steel producer. With this diverse product line, Nucor’s short-term performance which is not dependant on any single market has been able to maintain profitability every year and every quarter since 1966. (Figure 2). Figure 1: Nucor’s Average Sales Price Per Ton Total Tons Sold Figure 2: Nucor’s Diversified Product Mix 8. SWOT Analysis 8. 1. Strengths 1. Strong financial resources (profits, returns) 2. Industry leading low cost structure 3. Motivated workforce 4. Strong corporate culture 5. Innovation resources 6. Trust-based relationships 7. Technological expertise 8. Strong physical resources 9. Strategic management leadership style 8. 2. Weaknesses 1. Vulnerable to losses and setbacks from risk-taking 2. Lack of formal organizational systems may reduce efficiency 3. High tolerance for failure risks potential loss 4. Vague marketing structure or strategy 8. 3. Opportunities 1. Expand into additional specialty products 2. Downstream diversification 3. Directly produce steel from iron carbide, eliminating the need for electric furnaces. 4. Growth and innovation through joint venture projects 5. Maintaining market leadership position 6. Exporting 7. Soaring global steel prices15 8. 4. Threats 1. Substitute products 2. Second mover mini-mill competitors 3. Integrated steelmaker competitors 4. Economic downturn 5. Sub-prime crisis in property industry 6. Globalization with consolidating competitors 7. Global oversupply (China slowed down by December 2004 and became net exporter) 8. A new technology called Finex (by Posco in South Korea) Weaknesses and Threats- Nucor does not have serious weakness but only unused production capacity and a non-differentiated product. Serious threats from foreign competitors (e. g. Acelor Mittal) consolidating could affect Nucor’s growth. Such intense rivalry may also lead to price wars. Weaknesses and Opportunities- With soaring steel prices, expansion and vertical integration would give a better return. Strengths and Threats- Expanding its product line could mitigate the threats from foreign and local competitors, given soaring steel prices will give better return. Consolidate with other steelmakers would make Nucor a bigger player globally. Using its market dominance, Nucor could negotiate with the government for better regulations against the foreign competitors. With its financial and leadership resources, Nucor should secure more backward integration into scrap steel market. Joint venture with Posco (South Korean steelmaker) to leverage new technology. Strengths and Opportunities- Nucor has the financial, human and technological resources to penetrate new market, to expand product range, to compete in the stainless steel market and to joint with Japan to open new market in the Asian region. . Strategy Formulation Implementation Nucor’s current strategy is working. Its unique corporate culture and distinctive human resources strategy which produced a non-substitutable trust-based relationship, give Nucor a sustainable competitive advantage, contrasting the antagonistic relations in the steel industry. This trust enables Nucor to take risk which facilitates its growth. As an engineer from a major integrated mill said upon visiting a Nucor plant, that Nucor’s culture were such that everyone work hard and help each other, collectively survive and meet with success. But theirs is one of aggression, confrontation and lack of trust. 16 9. 1. New Initiatives to Sustain Growth Nucor should further leverage its sustainable competitive advantage by expanding more aggressively, taking the following steps: 1. To build an additional iron carbide plant to increase the availability of low-cost raw materials. 2. To carry out market research to ascertain: a) Expand product line and downstream steel business (e. g. steel for building, bridges, highways, roof decking, flooring); b)Export market; c) Competitors’ current strategies, weaknesses and strengths; d) Joint venture partners and projects ) Expand domestic markets f) Backward integration (e. g. scrap brokerages) 3. To develop strategic marketing program 4. Add an employee stock ownership program to further reinforce employees’ sense of ownership and loyalty. REFERENCES 1. bizjournals. com/charlotte/stories/2008/04/21/daily34. html 2. anbhf. org/laureates/keniversen. htm 3. Johnson, G. Sc holes, K. (2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases, Prentice Hall, London 4. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/U. S. _Steel_Recognition_Strike_of_1901 5. John H. Sheridan, 1996 â€Å"New Era – Or Breather? Industry Week, 5 February, pp 49 6. Brian K. Boyd Steve Gove, â€Å"Nucor Corp. And the U. S. Steel Industry,† In: Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization by Michael A. Hitt, R, Duane Ireland, Robert E. Hoskisson (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 2001), pp C479 7. Bryan Berry, (1996) â€Å"World Steel: Competing Strategies in Metallics, Melting, and Casting,† Iron Age New Steel, 12(4), April, pp 74. 8. Bryan Berry, (1996) â€Å"World Steel: Competing Strategies in Metallics, Melting, and Casting,† Iron Age New Steel, 12(4), April, pp 76. 9. Bryan Berry, (1996) â€Å"World Steel: Competing Strategies in Metallics, Melting, and Casting,† Iron Age New Steel, 12(4), April, pp 76. 10. Brian K. Boyd Steve Gove, â€Å"Nucor Corp. And the U. S. Steel Industry,† In: Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization by Michael A. Hitt, R, Duane Ireland, Robert E. Hoskisson (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 2001), p. C483 11. Brian K. Boyd Steve Gove, â€Å"Nucor Corp. And the U. S. Steel Industry,† In: Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization by Michael A. Hitt, R, Duane Ireland, Robert E. Hoskisson (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 2001), p. C480 12. Brian K. Boyd Steve Gove, â€Å"Nucor Corp. And the U. S. Steel Industry,† In: Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization by Michael A. Hitt, R, Duane Ireland, Robert E. Hoskisson (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 2001), p. C498 13. Brian K. Boyd Steve Gove, â€Å"Nucor Corp. And the U. S. Steel Industry,† In: Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization by Michael A. Hitt, R, Duane Ireland, Robert E. Hoskisson (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing, 2001), p. C477-C507 14. Ted Kuster (1995) â€Å"How Nucor Crawfordsville Works,† Iron Age New Steel, 11(12), December, pp 36-47 15. usatoday. com/money/autos/2004-10-13-steel-prices_x. htm taipeitimes. com/News/worldbiz/archives/2004/03/26/2003107844 16. Bryan Berry (1996) â€Å"The Importance of Nucor,† Iron Age New Steel, 12(7), July, pp 2. 17. Barney, J. B. (1997) Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, Wesley Publishing, Addison 18. McTaggart, D and Findlay, C and Parkin, M (2006) Economic, Wesley Publishing, Addison 19. Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel G (1990) The Core Competence of the Corporation, Harvard Business Review, Mar, 1979 APPENDIX 1: Top-30 producers by International Iron Steel Institute MtonSteelmaker 1117. 2ArcelorMittal (Global) 234. 7Nippon Steel (Japan) 332. 0JFE (Japan) 430. 1POSCO (South Korea) 528. 2Tata Steel (India) Including Corus Group 622. 5Shanghai Baosteel Group Corporation (China) 721. 2United States Steel Corporation (United States) 820. 3Nucor Corporation (United States) 919. 1Tangshan (China) 1018. 2Gruppo Riva (Italy) 1117. 5Severstal (Russia) 1216. 8ThyssenKrupp (Germany) 1316. 1EvrazHolding (Russia) 1415. 6Gerdau (Brazil) 1515. 3Anshan (China) 1614. 6Shagang Group (China) 1714. 6Steel Authority of India Limited (India) 813. 8Wuhan Iron and Steel (China) 1913. 6Sumitomo Metal Industries (Japan) 2012. 8Techint (Argentina) 2112. 5Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (Russia) 2211. 5Jinan (China) 2310. 9Magang Group (China) 2410. 8Laiwu Steel (China) 2510. 7China Steel (Taiwan) 2610. 5Shougang (China) 279. 9Valin Steel Group (China) 289. 8Imidro (Iran) 299. 5Industrial Union of Donbas (Ukraine) 309. 1Novolipetsk (Russia) Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_steel_producers This is a list of the largest steel-producing companies in the world according to the International Iron and Steel Institute. The list is compiled from its page Top Steel Producers 2006, but updated below from other sources. (Output in million metric tons crude steel; the country/region of producers basing specified in brackets) Total world steel output in 2005: 1,131. 8 million metric tons (mmt) Total world steel output in 2006: 1,239. 5 million metric tons (mmt) APPENDIX 2: NUCOR’S TOP COMPETITORS KEY MEASURES NUCORCOMERCIAL METALS CO U. S. STEEL- VALUATION PRICE/EARNINGS (TTM)11. 9910. 5616. 34- PRICE/CASH FLOW9. 9610. 7617. 40- PRICE/SALES (TTM)1. 060. 430. 85- PRICE/BOOK3. 672. 222. 59- PER SHARE DATA LAST DIVIDEND36. 4719. 512. 71- BOOK VALUE18. 7714. 2948. 33- EPS (TTM)5. 092. 277. 08- REVENUE16. 59 B8. 32 B16. 87 B- PROFITABILITY EBIDTA3. 02 B684. 52 M1. 72 B- OPERATING MARGIN15. 38%6. 93%6. 79%- PROFIT MARGIN8. 87%4. 27%5. 21%- GROSS PROFIT MARGIN18. 86%13. 94%10. 28%- DIVIDEND DIVIDEND YIELD2. 77%1. 26%0. 55%- PAYOUT RATIO36. 4719. 6512. 71- ANNUAL DIVIDEND (TTM)176. 5 M- - - DIVIDEND YIELD 5 YEAR AVERAGE3. 17%0. 90%0. 66%- GROWTH NET INCOME1. 47 B355. 43 M879 M- EPS (TTM)5. 09%2. 27%7. 08%- REVENUE16. 59 B8. 32 B16. 87 B- PEG1. 24%1. 58%0. 71%- FINANCIAL STRENGTH QUICK RATIO (MRQ)8. 874. 275. 21- CURRENT RATIO (MRQ)2. 61. 691. 59- LT DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (MRQ)45. 9239. 0854. 38- TOTAL DEBT TO CAPITAL (MRQ)29. 6231. 4437. 07- ROE29. 3822. 6317. 79- ROA15. 608. 337. 13- ROIC (RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL)22. 0419. 0213. 41- ASSETS ASSET TURNOVER1. 692. 401. 08- ASSET PER EMPLOYEE545,895. 66667272,793. 63708557,714. 28571- INVENTORY TURNOVER9. 518. 637. 54 SOURCE: HTTP://FINANCE. AOL. COM/COMPANY/NUCOR-CORPORATION/NUE/NYS/TOP-COMPETITORS APPENDIX 3: FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL REVIEW FOR NUCOR (2002-2006) FOR THE YEAR20062005200420032002 Net sales14,751,27012,700,99911,376,8286,265,8234,801,777 Costs, expenses and other: Cost of products sold11,284,60610,108,8059,174,6115,993,4924,335,409 Marketing, administrative and other expenses592,473459,460374,730165,369175,589 Interest (income) expense, net(37,365 4,20122,35224,62714,286 Minority interests219,121110,65080,84023,90479,408 Other income- (9,200 (1,596 (11,547 (29,900 12,058,83510,673,9169,650,9376,195,8454,574,792 Earnings before income taxes2,692,4352,027,0831,725,89169,978226,985 Provision for income taxes935,653709,834607,9065,18166,899 Net earnings1,756,7821,317,2491,117,98564,797160,086 Net earnings per share: Basic (1)5. 734. 193. 530. 210. 51 Diluted (1)5. 684. 153. 00. 210. 51 Dividends declared per share (1)2. 150. 930. 240. 200. 19 Percentage of net earnings to net sales11. 9 10. 4 9. 8 1. 0 3. 3 Return on average equity38. 3 33. 8 38. 2 2. 7 7. 0 Capital expenditures338,404331,466285,925215,408243,598 Depreciation363,936375,054383,305364,112307,101 Sales per employee1,2731,1591,107637528 AT YEAR END Current assets4,683,0654,081,6113,1 82,1321,639,7841,429,305 Current liabilities1,421,9171,228,6181,042,776615,067573,697 Working capital3,261,1482,852,9932,139,3561,024,717855,608 Cash provided by operating activities2,251,2332,136,6151,024,756493,801497,220 Current ratio3. 3. 33. 12. 72. 5 Property, plant and equipment, net2,856,4152,855,7172,818,3072,817,1352,932,058 Total assets7,893,0187,148,8456,140,3914,511,5774,394,944 Long-term debt922,300923,550923,550903,550894,550 Percentage of debt to capital15. 3 17. 0 20. 2 26. 1 25. 8 Stockholders’ equity4,857,3514,312,0493,481,2812,370,8732,349,770 Per share16. 1413. 9010. 917. 547. 51 Shares outstanding300,949310,220319,024314,361312,720 Employees11,90011,30010,6009,9009,800 Source: secinfo. com/d14D5a. u7c82. c. htm#1stPage

Essay Sample on School Violence My Own Experience

Essay Sample on School Violence My Own Experience I started writing this essay originally with a different view in mind. But when I went back to read it, it simply wasn’t what I wanted to say. My mother suggested I wait a few days and come back to it but I was itching too much to get this off my chest. I became restless and started surfing the web and went to my favorite authors website. Her name is SilverRaven Wolf (www.silverravenwolf.com) and read her article about when she was in Jr. High. That’s when I realized the difference, hers had emotion while mine was simply fact. So here’s my new version, and I hope you can all understand and realate First day of school, in a new school, at thirteen. I walk in self-consciously with my pentacle around my neck and new pair of sneakers on my feet. I look around the classroom nervously, noticing a few odd glances from some students. I shrug it off as just me being â€Å"the new kid.† Few days pass, and I start to get the hang of things, even though I still can’t get that silly locker to open. That’s when it starts, the whispers in the back of the room, the way people would walk away when I approached, the fear in peoples eyes I couldn’t figure out from what though. I did make best friends with one girl who really didn’t mind my opinions and we had (and still have) wonderful conversations. After two weeks of dealing with this, I heard one of the cheerleaders behind me whisper loudly â€Å"look at the her†¦ so full of herself†¦ thinks she can come here with that disaster†¦ wearing that star in the open like that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Unfortunately I didn’t have any support, I couldn’t take it. The stress of being new, missing friends and family, and now this, I simply rose and ran. I never did figure out how but the Goddess must have led me to the room of on my favorite English teachers. She noticed me, asked someone to take over the class for her and came out in the hall. I explained my situation and she said she would talk with the students. I asked what I should do if I was confronted and she said either come to her, or stand up for myself. Her courage became my courage, and somehow the next time it happened I was able to handle it. Until a few months later. I went to the annual football game with my new best friend and some other friends I’d gotten to know. They knew about my beliefs and me but didn’t seem to mind. Matter of fact, they were interested. But all that aside, it was a slightly chilly night and absolutely beautiful with the stars in the sky. I prayed the weather would stay nice since I didn’t bring a coat. On my way to the snack bar, I saw a few of the guys in class and cheerleaders who didn’t particularly like myself. I didn’t like the looks on their faces and was trying to find some other way to get there. I couldn’t so I started walking behind the bleachers to the other snack bar at the other end of the field. Halfway through I noticed them following me and I tried to move quicker. My best friend claims that she had looked down and noticed just as they started to surround me. I was starting to panic, realizing no matter how well I could fight I didn’t stand a chance against several people, and the look in their eyes were sending fear through my body. One of the guys grabbed me by my neck and threw me against the chain link fence. Slowly I stood back up, with too much pride to do otherwise. I shook back my head and the guy grinned. â€Å"Going to be tough, huh witchy?† I just smiled slightly not answering. He punched me in the stomach but somehow I stayed standing and firm. I remember send prayers up to the Goddess not to let me out of her sight and for help to be on the way. My best friend was most likely at the bottom of the bleachers by this time and finding the teacher that came by. Fortunately, one of my fellow students saw what was happening and him and his buddies came jogging over. He stated, â€Å"And just what is going on here?† The bully answered, â€Å"None of your business kid.† Somehow my fellow student delayed them long enough for my best friend to come with teachers and a police officer. Never once did I cry or relax till they were getting dragged off. I started sobbing after I had talked with the police officer and my best friend and several others gathered around me protectively. I’ve never felt that proud about anything. I could not believe how I had taken it and came out on top. The story never made the news simply because they didn’t want another incident to occur to me. My teachers of course were informed and my friends never seemed to leave my side for the rest of the year. Also the teachers of my classes held an assembly of our team and explained about different religions. They had several kids, including myself, speak out about what it was like to be the minority and discriminating against. Think this is the end of it? Nope, then I started high school. It was not as bad as middle school, because this time I had friends with me. My peers still seem to be a little unsure about my religions, but most don’t mind, they’re just curious. I’ve never had a situation like the one in middle school but now I know I can take it and keep going. If you are wondering what to do to help educate your school, write up Frequently Asked Questions and answer them with your opinions. Also talk to your guidance councilors about what you can do to help. Suggest assemblies to talk about minorities, or a discussion group after school so you can talk about different philosophies and ideas. Of course there are the everyday things you can do. If you hear someone saying a stereotype (i.e. All witches are evil and worship the devil), kindly correct them. If they don’t want to listen, don’t force them. You can’t force them to believe the truth, but you can state your stance on the subjects. I firmly believe it’s up to us to make the difference, us the young people, us who hold the future, it has to start with us. Prove we can rise to the occasion and show we are good, honest people with a real, legal, religion. I must say this, as far as the Witch Wars go, they must not be carried on any longer. I did get into a disagreement with another Wiccan teen, but we worked through it without a public scene. Teens must realize that the normal stereotypes are worse at our age and we must not make them any worse. So please, let’s have peace between people. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on School Violence from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers on any topics.

Hawaii Pacific ranked among top MBA programs Essay Example

Hawaii Pacific ranked among top MBA programs Essay Example Hawaii Pacific ranked among top MBA programs Essay Hawaii Pacific ranked among top MBA programs Essay A recent survey made for international business programs reported that Hawai’i Pacific University owns one of the best MBA programs for online learning. Hawai’i Pacific University is also known for having the largest MBA program throughout the US. TheBestSchools.org is the best resource for online education and MBA programs. This platform put the Hawai’i Pacific University in the top 25 MBA online programs created for getting a business degree. HPU is the only school on the list from Hawai’i and is ranked at number 18. Ph.D Deborah Crown, the Dean of the College of Business at Hawai’i Pacific University, said that this rank is an honor for the whole faculty, for her, for the teachers and the students as well. The special MBA programs for online learning at HPU are available and open to a diverse population and the programs help the students to reach their goals for success in their careers. The program has proven to be a hit with professionals who are already working and took the online MBA programs for improving and upgrading. : Criteria that was considered for the ratings of the schools that TheBestSchools.org used included the range of classes available, the strength of the faculty, the reputation of the faculty, the rankings and the academic excellence. The International Business MBA program for online learning is a graduate program that offers to students the opportunity to improve their knowledge and go forward in their life and education. Crown says that a graduate education is really important and valuable for professionals who are already working. It has been proven by various researches and evaluations that the MBA program plays a key role in the person’s carer, professional advancement and helps in expanding professional networks, contacts and opportunities. A survey made recently by the Corporate Recruiters reported an increased number of organizations that are willing to hire people with MBAs. In 2009, this number was 50% and now this number is 80%. This, Crown says, means that the quality high education will bring better job positions and even a higher salary. Not long ago, Hawai’i Pacific University was also named as Hawai’s highest ranked school. And, PayScale, a tracker for salaries, also ranked HPU among the higher positions for the average income that students have after graduating and for the return they get on the investment for the attending costs. The College Salary Report of PayScale ranks Hawai’i Pacific University at number 1. Matthew Liao-Troth, PhD. and Hawai’i Pacific University’s Provost, says he and the whole staff of the university are proud for all of the successful students that have come out of the university and are know working in Hawai’i but also all around the world. The recognition that PayScale has given to HPU and their MBA program accentuates the role that HPU has in educating world leaders. For more information about other programs and admission, go to www.hpu.edu/admissions.

Law of terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Law of terrorism - Essay Example The Terrorism Act 2000 criminalises terrorism while subsequent legislation like Anti-terrorism crime and security Act 2001 counters terrorism through port controls, forfeiture of terrorism linked assets and detention without trial. Intelligence surveillance is essential in protecting civil liberties and curtailing terrorism related activities in the UK. Other policy makers have asserted the intelligence surveillance intrudes the privacy of citizens and undermines democratic values. Surveillance activities entail intercepting communication channels such as telephone conversations, bugging, spying and entry and search missions in private properties. In the case of Malone v. Met Police Commissioner (no.2) (1979) 2 All ER 620, the plaintiff argued that the Crown had no any powers to tap telephones and that he had rights of privacy and confidentiality in respect of the telephone conversations2. However, the court dismissed the plaintiff claims on the basis that no particular privacy right had been infringed without molestation and telephone methods did not infringe any law. The plaintiff further argued that Article 8 of the 1950 Convention had conferred him the rights to privacy and family life. However, the plaintiff appealed the decision of the court in the case of Malone v. ... The new Acts provided the legal framework for surveillance tools and outlawed unlawful interception of telephone communications. However, the Interception of Communications Act 1985, allowed the Secretary of State to issue a warrant for the interception of conversations in furtherance of national security and prevention of serious crimes in the UK. Further, in the case of Halford v. UK (1997) 24 EHRR 523, the court held that citizens expect a reasonable degree of privacy in the workplace4. Accordingly, the UK courts have held that undercover police women cannot obtain incriminating evidence through befriending men who have been accused of murder since it is a violation of Code C of PACE5. The enactment of regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 paved way for the legal framework on interception of communications from suspected terrorists. Part II of the Act deals with covert surveillance and the code of practice during surveillance intelligence gathering. The Act defines the acts of the intelligence officers that can be construed as surveillance and includes the recording, observation, and listening of conversations of the communications. Section 26 of the RIPA ACT outlines the nature of intelligence including the directed intelligence and intrusive intelligence that will occur in private property or vehicle. The RIPA Act 2000 allows the public bodies to intercept telecom communications and use covert intelligence sources in promoting national security. Accordingly, the act allows the intelligence bodies to access decrypted data and conduct mass surveillance on transit data in order to uncover terrorism related activities. The intelligence authorities have the powers to monitor the internet activities and can

Mini research proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini proposal - Research Paper Example Whereas indigenous people in Libya face danger of extinction due to modernity, the same happens to the Canadian indigenous people. This has made me develop profound interest in the study of the environmental issues affecting aborigines in Canada. More importantly, my research will primarily focus on the ethical issues involving Canadian aborigines as the modern community competes with the indigenous community for their indigenous environment. The Canadian aborigines comprise of Metis, First Nations, and Inuit. First Nations, however, refers to other indigenous communities that are neither Inuit nor Metis. Canadian Inuit inhabit the Canadian arctic region however, there are other Inuit belonging to neighboring countries such as U.S, and Denmark (Rankin, 2011). The Metis are approximated to be 4000 in number. However, they are distributed in different parts of Canada. Unlike the modern society, indigenous people primarily depend on the natural resources for survival and Canadian aborigines are no exception. Canadian aborigines derive their autonomy and cultural identity by the way they naturally interact with their natural habitats. For instance, many Canadian aborigines are still characterized by their subsistence farming, hunting, fishing, and gathering. Although Canada has continually embraced modernity, Canadian aborigines still prefer retaining their autonomy by sticking to their native culture and native way of life as opposed to the modern generation that prefers modern lifestyles (Peterson, 1995). Modernization has posed a serious threat to existence of Canadian aborigines due to encroachment of their indigenous natural habitats (Dupuis, 2002; Tough, 1997). For instance, the Inuit inhabiting the Canadian arctic region are already experiencing the effects of global warming (Peterson, 1995). The Inuit are experiencing a habitat stress as they are being pushed further into

Charles Jencks and Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Charles Jencks and Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "Charles Jencks and Postmodernism" focuses on the figure of Charles Jencks and the postmodernism. Post modern art favours reflexivity and the self consciousness, its emphasis is on the de-structured, decentred and dehumanized subject. It is also concerned with questions of the organization of knowledge. In a society where post modernism exists knowledge becomes functional, one learns things not to know but to use that knowledge. We are talking about post modernism in relation to garden design which has become an integral part of the cultural landscape. One can notice a difference in the way the gardens are being designed as compared to the modernism days. There seems to be now a bond between the abstract and the arts and craft approaches, the geometry of the abstract art has been blended with the various delights of the arts and craft gardens. This change is mostly commonly seen in the materials which are chosen. Before for gardens people would choose a square concrete slab or a wood painted white which was used to represent the abstract style but now due to post modernism, there is now the richness of the earthy bricks, the stained timber and concrete finishing’s as well as the decorative fittings which have appeared in the gardens and the sense of place and scale is altogether more intimate then before. Where its spirals scales of a pine cone run from the bottom to the top, it has recurring numbers, ratios and proportions. Its recurrent pattern is a form of what one says self-organization.

Comparing and Contrasting Sec. Hillary Clinton and Sen. John Kerry Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Sec. Hillary Clinton and Sen. John Kerry - Essay Example This paper is the compare and contrast essays example. It is interesting to note that both Sec. Clinton and Sen. Kerry received both attended Yale University at one time or another. Sen. Kerry received his Political Science degree from Yale University in 1966 (bio.com â€Å"John Kerry†) while Sec. Clinton received her Law degree from Yale in 1973 (bio.com â€Å"Hillary Clinton†). Therefore one can deduce that the political beliefs of these two notable U.S. political figures found itself being shaped and molded within the hallowed halls of this ivy league university. Both Sec. Clinton and Sen. Kerry are active members of the Democratic Party of the United States and have served as senators during their time in active politics. Sen. Clinton was elected to represent the people of New York in the senate halls of Washington D.C. in the year 2000 (bio.com â€Å"Hillary Clinton†) while Sen. Kerry began serving the people of Massachusetts as their senator in 1984. He won his reelection bids in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008 (bio.com â€Å"John Kerry†). Even though both had a failed run for the Democratic presidential nomination, it seems that Pres. Barack Obama has an unquestioning belief in both of them to have appointed them both to the office of Secretary of State, the little president position as some call it, where they are required to represent both the president and the country across the seas as envoys of foreign relations. While both Sec. Clinton and Sen. Kerry have some notable similarities in their political history and educational background, the two also have some marked differences that one should take note of. The first being that Sen. Kerry actively served in the Vietnam war before entering into political office. It is believed that this field experience will greatly help the incoming secretary as he navigates the treacherous waters of national security and U.S. foreign policies. Democrat Sen. Chris Coons recalls one meeting that Sen. Kerry had with the politicians in Islamabad that could quite possibly set the tone for his run in the State Department. Sen. Coons recalls (Associated Press â€Å"John Kerry Touted as Successor to Hillary Clinton†

Womens Representation in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Womens Representation in the Media - Essay Example Moreover, these same images have been portrayed within the media since the dawn of the television age as is traced through the work of Barry Gunter.   Throughout television history, programs have been created with an eye toward attracting and defining the female in ways that focused upon the observational qualities she possessed – her body shape, her pleasing facial appearance and her glamorous clothing and accessories. Even in shows such as The Honeymooners, which offered a questioning of the ‘powerless’ role of the female, attention was given to ensure the female body remained a pleasing conformation. The emphasis on the concept that even lower middle class women were expected to conform to external ideals has only continued to build in the film industries and as television has expanded programming.   These widely apparent examples of how women portrayed in the media represent an impossible ideal to which ‘normal’ girls are constantly compared h as also been proven to have the potential for long-term social, psychological and physical problems.Chasing the DreamToday there are numerous pop culture stars such as Paris Hilton who seem to believe that being an object talked about is better than contributing something significant to the welfare of society.   This attitude of image trumps substance is transferred to many of their fans and by extension many other young girls. Empty-headed material-culture superstars have achieved their fame based solely on their beautiful bodies and extreme spending habits.’

A Semiotic Comparison of Disneyland with Marriotts Great America Essay

A Semiotic Comparison of Disneyland with Marriotts Great America - Essay Example Various themes give rise to different effects on the individuals.   It is almost like that the premise takes control of how visitors should react to the circumstances: offering a variety of choices, hence, conferring a mixture of diverse emotions as well.   â€Å"Disneyland is commonly seen as the prototypical total fantasy park in America, or probably in the world†, (The Sale of Two Cities: A Semiotic Comparison of Disneyland with Marriott’s Great America, p.1).   It is unquestionably exemplary that people from different walks of life, visitors of different age group, find themselves enthralled and at times, powerlessly captivated. Incontestably, Disneyland has the ability to initiate a feeling of awe, generating such wonderful notion to its visitors.   The structure of the park, as well as its different auras, however, allow the people to become barely aware of the divergence and picture between the real world and the world of imagination. Rides represent out of the ordinary experiences, however, not all are just amusing, for some also intends to remind us of the important aspects of life such as greed, fear, and even death. Consequently, Marriott’s fashion is definitely atypical, in contrast to the prototypical picture of Disneyland.   It chose not to make an apparent distinction between the fantasy world and the real one. The journey from reality to fantasy is done subtly; allowing the visitors to experience the flight from the real world while they are still made aware of realism. The plodding switch from true existence to the wonderful world of imagination make Marriott’s an astonishing pursuit to the majority. Palpably, the two theme parks have several contrasting aspects.

Comparing and Contrasting Sec. Hillary Clinton and Sen. John Kerry Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Sec. Hillary Clinton and Sen. John Kerry - Essay Example This paper is the compare and contrast essays example. It is interesting to note that both Sec. Clinton and Sen. Kerry received both attended Yale University at one time or another. Sen. Kerry received his Political Science degree from Yale University in 1966 (bio.com â€Å"John Kerry†) while Sec. Clinton received her Law degree from Yale in 1973 (bio.com â€Å"Hillary Clinton†). Therefore one can deduce that the political beliefs of these two notable U.S. political figures found itself being shaped and molded within the hallowed halls of this ivy league university. Both Sec. Clinton and Sen. Kerry are active members of the Democratic Party of the United States and have served as senators during their time in active politics. Sen. Clinton was elected to represent the people of New York in the senate halls of Washington D.C. in the year 2000 (bio.com â€Å"Hillary Clinton†) while Sen. Kerry began serving the people of Massachusetts as their senator in 1984. He won his reelection bids in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008 (bio.com â€Å"John Kerry†). Even though both had a failed run for the Democratic presidential nomination, it seems that Pres. Barack Obama has an unquestioning belief in both of them to have appointed them both to the office of Secretary of State, the little president position as some call it, where they are required to represent both the president and the country across the seas as envoys of foreign relations. While both Sec. Clinton and Sen. Kerry have some notable similarities in their political history and educational background, the two also have some marked differences that one should take note of. The first being that Sen. Kerry actively served in the Vietnam war before entering into political office. It is believed that this field experience will greatly help the incoming secretary as he navigates the treacherous waters of national security and U.S. foreign policies. Democrat Sen. Chris Coons recalls one meeting that Sen. Kerry had with the politicians in Islamabad that could quite possibly set the tone for his run in the State Department. Sen. Coons recalls (Associated Press â€Å"John Kerry Touted as Successor to Hillary Clinton†

A Semiotic Comparison of Disneyland with Marriotts Great America Essay

A Semiotic Comparison of Disneyland with Marriotts Great America - Essay Example Various themes give rise to different effects on the individuals.   It is almost like that the premise takes control of how visitors should react to the circumstances: offering a variety of choices, hence, conferring a mixture of diverse emotions as well.   â€Å"Disneyland is commonly seen as the prototypical total fantasy park in America, or probably in the world†, (The Sale of Two Cities: A Semiotic Comparison of Disneyland with Marriott’s Great America, p.1).   It is unquestionably exemplary that people from different walks of life, visitors of different age group, find themselves enthralled and at times, powerlessly captivated. Incontestably, Disneyland has the ability to initiate a feeling of awe, generating such wonderful notion to its visitors.   The structure of the park, as well as its different auras, however, allow the people to become barely aware of the divergence and picture between the real world and the world of imagination. Rides represent out of the ordinary experiences, however, not all are just amusing, for some also intends to remind us of the important aspects of life such as greed, fear, and even death. Consequently, Marriott’s fashion is definitely atypical, in contrast to the prototypical picture of Disneyland.   It chose not to make an apparent distinction between the fantasy world and the real one. The journey from reality to fantasy is done subtly; allowing the visitors to experience the flight from the real world while they are still made aware of realism. The plodding switch from true existence to the wonderful world of imagination make Marriott’s an astonishing pursuit to the majority. Palpably, the two theme parks have several contrasting aspects.

Community Service Essay Example for Free

Community Service Essay Before actually partaking in community service, I always thought of it as a means of overworking students for the employers to save money, but after actually getting myself involved in itI realized that doing community service is actually a privilege for us the volunteers. It gives us an opportunity to gain experience, widen our skills and get a better understanding of the hard labour and it is a process that essentially goes into the outcome of a product or service. Community service has literally made me realized how little I contribute to my country, how little I know about my country and has brought to my attention and conscience that I should try my best to assist more—free of wage—in the continuous growth of my economy. Doing my service at St. Rose Nursery, has opened my eyes to the not so easy process of growing flowers, plants and trees; for example how important fertilizers are and what a big difference the right fertilisers make—and also the different types of fertilizers and their functions . Before I never really understood the beauty of them nor did I realize how much work went into nurturing and harvesting them, but now I am more aware and more concerned about the health of trees and how they are treated and even situated in a pot or the ground. On my first day at St. Rose Nursery, I was given a tour of the compound and while getting the tour, I could not help but feel relaxed and free. The ambience of the nursery changed my mood and thought completely; it had me wondering why do we stress out ourselves? Also it made me realize that I should take time to get in touch with nature and myself. After being introduced to the employees, I felt intimidated because I was the only female surrounded by five males so I saw that as a challenge in terms of them underestimating me and my abilities but after talking to them for a little I felt right at home and was able to be myself and even challenge myself by learning to pot plants, fertilize them and water them all in one day. They were all so helpful and very explanatory and took the time to show me exactly what to do before I did it, at the end of the day I excelled and  accomplished far more than they expected; the good energy at the nursery led me to spend longer hours there than I actually expected to spend per day. Throughout my time at St. Rose nursery, I would like to believe that I have brought a youthful and eager emotion to the compound; despite the fact that we worked in separate areas. I believe that I have shown them that a woman can be productive in the nursery field and can also keep up with their speed and even surpass them; I stared of potting only 1 plant per 2 minutes and by the end of the day, I was able to plant 2 plants per minute—it was fun and we turned it into a game—I observed the workers fertilizing the plants and heard the headman tell him that he was applying too much so I made an attempt to fertilize the next batch of plants and was told that I had done a good job! Not too much and not too little; I felt pleased and proud of myself—I had done better than someone who had much more experience in that field than me. It is funny how one can assume that plant nurturing to be a simple and senseless skill, well I learned the hard yet interesting way that it is far from simple and a lot of thought and precision goes into the whole process, from the pot the plant goes into, the climate atmosphere and type of soil that it is planted in. I have learned from this experience that it is possible to push myself a bit further when trying to accomplish a certain task in a given amount of time, I have learned that I am far more patient than I thought and most importantly I have learned that I personally stress myself over minor issues instead of taking time to breathe, relax and find a solution for it; through this I have come to the conclusion that I should find more time to clear my mind and possibly do something that I find interesting, productive and selfless to release my stresses of life. I have learned that even though I am an introvert, working with people is not that bad after all it just takes getti ng used to them and knowing how to work to suit all their different personalities. I also learned that working with other people really helps to get more work done faster. I honestly can say that I enjoyed the interaction with people who were not of my norm; I enjoyed the whole learning about new trees and their fruits,  smells, blooming and reproduction time. I enjoyed planting and reposting plants and most importantly I enjoyed the view of the surroundings. This endeavour was a challenging one in terms of patience and precision but in the end it all paid off, because I was blessed with the opportunity to enhance my gardening skills and was given the opportunity to be social with people who I would normally be afraid to talk to or even be around. Before transposing myself into the real life community service equation, I thought to myself and made an oath to myself that my main aim was to simple complete my thirty hours of community service as fast and as soon as possible, but after starting and observing the nursery, I realized that it would provide me with far more knowledge and far more fun and experience than I expected and I realized that it would be in my best interest to use it to my advantage to gain a greater skill. I believe that service to others is important because it is a good way to give back to the community and also to increase one’s level of experience and variation. I believe in my distant future I would once again volunteer my time to another estate to expand my comprehension and also to help improve my community and help improve myself as a person. The people at the St. Rose Nursery are very hospital and down to earth, to the point where I can honestly say that there is nothing I would change about their mannerism. To potential volunteers, I would like to advice them to go into the experience open minded and willing to learn. I would also suggest that they find something that is within their comfort zone or something at that they at least have a strong interest in learning or have a passion for, simply because if one does something that they do not like or will not like, then they will not enjoy the experience to the fullest and similarly if one does something that seemed interesting to them before they actually partook in it, then they would draw from that experience that it is simply not something they would like to do in the future and would have learned a valuable lesson.

Comparison Between Indian And Us Sports News Media Essay

Comparison Between Indian And Us Sports News Media Essay This research on the differentiation between three news channels and how they telecast and cover sports in their respective countries deals primarily with sports journalism. The three news channels are New Delhi Television (NDTV) in India, CNN IBN in India and CNN in USA, here we will study the patterns in broadcasting, the journalistic values, the sports that are prominent in the two countries, the viewership with regards to different sports, the commercialization of sports and sporting events and in all sports journalism as a whole in broadcast media. The world of sports has evolved in the last century and in the first decade of the 21st century the world has seen a lot difference in sports as it has become faster, tougher and more competitive. With sports, sports journalism as well has grown over the years. We can see the change in the way sports journalism, which was just a part of the whole media now it has become unique in itself. We can see the change from the mid 1900s and to the late 1900s and now in the new millennium, sports journalism has become more and more significant and prominent in the media. In 1960, the winter Olympics were held in Squaw Valley, California and the media coverage was nowhere close to that of the 2002, Salt Lake winter Olympics. This was just an example, the 2008 2009 UEFA Champions League final between Barcelona and Manchester United was the most watched live event in television history beating that years Super bowl. This shows the differences in the way sports journalism is active in different countries and regions. This was the first time the Super bowl was defeated by a football match, the reason for this is the media. They promoted the event of the Champions League final as the match between the two best footballers in the world, Leonel Messi and Christiano Ronaldo and also the winner would be declared as the best in the world. One can see how the media uses its tactics and p roduction strategies to promote the event. Here the news values aspect is reflected in sports journalism. What maybe moral or ethical and what kind of news has to telecasted and covered these days depend on the producers, advertisers, viewers and also which sport is more interesting. Cricket in India will be broadcast in a manner that it will be shown as the most important event on Earth. Whereas, football or hockey will not be shown in the same manner. In most of the countries it depends with tradition and culture. In America the four major sports are basketball, ice hockey, baseball and their version of football. Most of the sports played in countries apart from North America are mostly the same. The most popular sport in the world is football and not American football. In America any big news relating to any other sports would not be given much importance and even if it is, it will find very little time in the whole sports segment of a news channel. Britain will claim that they have invented most of the sports that are being played in the modern day. Their way of covering sports is di fferent to that of America, they give all sports almost equal importance. They also focus on the four American sports and give them more coverage than what America gives to others. One has to consider that the pre and post events for any sporting event are watched more than the event itself. The summer Olympics is an example, the opening and closing ceremony of the event is watched by more people than the Olympics or any part of it. This shows how the media and journalism has changed in a massive way along with the sport itself. The market for sports journalism is by far the most improving and expanding one and the producers and advertisers know this and want to make full use of it for their benefit and the viewers will be shown what they want and not what exactly is happening, the whole thing is to make the event sell and to get the Television Rating Points (TRPs). It has all become commercialization and deregulation of televised sport. It has become such an important commodity. In America it has always existed as a system emphasizing the entertainment values. In many European countries it has been a model emphasizing neutrality. With the existence of exclusive sports channels like Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN), Sky Sports, etc. the news channels have to find something different to make their sports segment sell to the public. So, they use different methods of telecasting sports news. Only in sports one can find other interesting details like the lives, hobbies, relationships of the sports personalities and discuss about them in detail. There is politics in sports as well and the extra information attracts the people especially women to the sports. The term Plausibly Live was coined to describe the production of the 1996 Atlanta summer Olympics. The phrase was used as the broadcasts were not live but could have been. Durin g any event one would get the entire extra detail one any particular team or player as the television crew would be sent to find the information. Then at any time during the show they would give out the information to the viewers. The advertisers now will decide that when there must be a break and how long it must last. Now there will be more cuts in any match as it will create more interest and make the sport much faster and better. The camera angles in modern times are such that they will enhance the event than it actually is. The sport has evolved or it has been made it evolve. That is the whole idea of sports journalism in modern times. To enhance what is there to a level that is more interesting to the viewers than it is, is the way it is in these times. Methodology The methodology for this dissertation would be of two kinds. The first will be quantitative method where there would be the analysis of all the sports segments in the all three news channels and how they have allocated time and news coverage to each sport and sports personalities. Every news channel will have its own policies on telecasting any sport and how much to telecast and it will be different for every news channel. NDTV and CNN IBN would mostly have the same content and same time which is given for every sport. As both are in the country they would focus more on the sports of cricket and cricketers more than any other sport. Both these Indian channels would vary slightly in the manner they telecast the sports news. As they have to get their news segment sell. They will try to focus on what they think would be the best for the viewers and not bother about some other news that maybe important but may not be that sellable. In quantitative method the time allocated for each spor t, e.g. cricket, football, hockey, badminton, etc. is very important. The time given for individual cricketers and other sport personalities in one channel would be analyzed and compared to that of the other two news channels. What is the time given for interviews and for news and features would also be analyzed. With this one can see the difference in the way each of the three news channels differ from each other. The news content in CNN would definitely differ from that of the two Indian news channels. As they are in USA they would focus more on the sports that are famous in that part of the world. But the focus is on the news content of CNN in India and whether it would change for the Indian viewers or whether they would try and promote their sports in India. There is also the fact that CNN and CNN IBN is the same company and whether their policies would be the same or would be the different according to the region. All facts and figures that would come from the analysis of thes e news channels would be a part of quantitative methodology. There is also qualitative method where the main criteria for the analysis are the interpretation that comes out from what the news channels telecast. If one news channel gives more emphasis for one sport genuinely or if it gives more emphasis on a sport if a special occasion is there like the world cup, then the interpretation that comes out would be the basis for qualitative method. Both the methods would be used for this study as it is imperative to know the facts and figures as well as the understanding as to why there is a difference in the way each of the news channels differ in the telecasting of sports news from each other. The analysis and the comparison between these news channels would be essential to determine the difference in policies and the interests of the people in that region, so, both the methodologies are highly essential. Hypothesis Indian news is dedicating time for personalized and sensationalized news items than that of news channels. The language of commentary used by news casters and reporters in Indian news channels are using sensationalized and emotional words than that of US channels. The visual language of India sports news is deliberately generating sensationalism. Scope and Limitations The scope for this dissertation is that in the future more studies can be made on more news channels. The study can be vaster as news channels from other countries can also be included. Further research can be done as news channels can be compared to exclusive sports news channels. This will help to learn the difference in cultures, traditions and interests for sports for the people in the various regions of the world. The limitations to this study is that this study and analysis is only between three news channels, two in India and one in USA. With this it is difficult to analyze the difference between the trends in sports in both countries. By the selection of one news channel in USA one cannot determine the trends and traditions in sports there are that of the whole country. Each news channel will have its own policies and ideas, so, one cannot say that the sports news that they would telecast is the trend of that country and that is their mindset towards sports.